A greenhouse gas (GHG or GHG) is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy in the thermal infrared spectrum, resulting in the greenhouse effect.
The average temperature of the Earth's surface would be around 18 °C if greenhouse gases were not present.
Greenhouse gases absorb and emit infrared light in the wavelength range that the Earth emits.
Carbon dioxide (0.04%), nitrous oxide (0.04%), methane (0.04%), and ozone (0.04%) are trace gases that make up almost 0.1 percent of the Earth's atmosphere and have a significant warming impact.
The following are the most prevalent greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere, in order of decreasing average worldwide mole fraction: water vapor, carbon dioxide methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, SF6, and NF3.