What are the peculiarities of the series $C H_{4}$ , $C_{2} H_{6}$ , $C_{3} H_{8}$ , $C_{4} H_{10}$ _____etc? Write the general formula of these compounds.

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Solution

Chemical Formula IUPAC Name
$C H_{4}$ Methane
$C_{2} H_{6}$ Ethane
$C_{3} H_{8}$ Propane
$C_{4} H_{10}$ Butane
$C_{5} H_{12}$ Pentane
$C_{6} H_{14}$ Hexane
$C_{7} H_{16}$ Heptane
$C_{8} H_{18}$ Octane
$C_{9} H_{20}$ Nonane
$C_{10} H_{22}$ Decane
The series belong to the Alkane family. They are hydrocarbons with $C - C$ single bond.
The general formula of these compounds is $C_{n} H_{2 n + 2}$
The given series is a homologous series. The members differ by a methylene group $C H_{2}$ group.

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{C H}_{4}, C_{2} H_{6}

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(C_{9} H_{8} O_{4})

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(C_{4} H_{6} O_{3})

C_{7} H_{6} O_{3} + C_{4} H_{6} O_{3} \to C_{9} H_{8} O_{4} + C_{2} H_{4} O_{2}

(C_{3} H_{9} N) N a N O_{2} / H C l ⟶ [B] (C_{3} H_{8} O)

H_{2} S O_{4} - ---- \to K_{r} C r_{2} O_{7} (C_{3} H_{6} O_{2}) [C]

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