Question

What are vestigial organs? Give two examples each in human beings and plants.

Answer 1

Vestigial organs are remains of a structure that were functional in some ancestor but is no longer functional in present body.
Some examples of such organs in humans are:
(a) Appendix: The appendix is a small projection of the side of the large intestine near the cecum. It looks kind of like a tail and is found near where the small and large intestines meet. No one knows the actual original function of the appendix.
(b) The tail bone: Attached to the bottom of the sacrum is the coccyx or tailbone. This small, bony projection seems to be a leftover structure of primate evolution. It is believed that human ancestors once had tails and lived in trees. The coccyx would be where the tail was attached to the skeleton.
Some examples of such organs in plants are:
(1) Sexual organs of dandelions: The common dandelion reproduces asexually through a process known as apomixis. However, they still have all of the functional parts that most flowering plants use to reproduce sexually, namely the stamen and pistil.
(2) Grass often has small, undeveloped structures that strongly resemble those of flowering plants.