What does this equation represent? Explain $p^{2} + q^{2} + 2 p q$

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Solution

$p^{2} + q^{2} + 2 p q$ is the Hardy - Weinberg equation which is used to determine or predict the relative frequency of different alleles even if there is population growth.
Here $p^{2}$ represent the frequency of a homozygous dominant allele (AA), $q^{2}$ represents the frequency of homozygous recessive allele (aa) and 2pq is the frequency of heterozygotes (Aa)
The sum of all these frequencies is dominant + recessive, plus two heterozygous dominant, which can also be expressed as capital A capital A, plus a small, plus two times A capital A small a. When the frequency measured differs from the expected values, the difference indicates the extent of evolutionary change in the population.

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p^{2} + 2 p q + q^{2} = 1

(p + q)² = p² + 2pq + q² = 1 represents an equation used in:

What does $p^{2}$ in the below mentioned Hardy - Weinberg equation indicate?

${(p + q)}^{2} = p^{2} + 2 pq + q^{2}$

p^{2} - 2 p q + q^{2}

p^{2} + 2 p q - q^{2}

p^{2} + 2 p q + q^{2} = 1

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