What does the following equation represent? Explain. $p^{2} + 2 p q + q^{2} = 1$ [3]

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Solution

The Hardy-Weinberg equation is a mathematical equation that can be used to calculate the gene (allele) frequencies of a population at equilibrium. The Hardy - Weinberg equation is expressed as $p^{2} + 2 p q + q^{2} = 1,$ where $p^{2}$ represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype AA, $q^{2}$ represents the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype aa, and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous Aa. [2]

Any deviation in the values of frequency of alleles from the usual value, indicate that there is an evolutionary change in the population. [1]

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p^{2} + 2 p q + q^{2} = 1

p^{2} + q^{2} + 2 p q

(p + q)² = p² + 2pq + q² = 1 represents an equation used in:

What does $p^{2}$ in the below mentioned Hardy - Weinberg equation indicate?

${(p + q)}^{2} = p^{2} + 2 pq + q^{2}$

p^{2} + 2 p q + q^{2} = 1

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