Question

What happens in the energy-yielding phase?

Answer 1

Glycolysis:

1. Glycolysis is a set of events that converts six-carbon glucose into two three-carbon keto-acids (pyruvate).
2. Glycolysis liberates free energy for the synthesis of high-energy molecules like ATP and NADH.
3. Glycolysis is divided into two phases: the energy-investment phase and the energy-yielding phase.
4. The energy-yielding phase of glycolysis produces ATP and NADH in the second phase.
5. In the first phase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with NAD catalyzes the conversion of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to glyceric acid 1,3-bisphosphate, which also creates NADH.
6. The process that transforms glyceric acid 1,3-bisphosphate to 3-phosphoglyceric acid produces ATP.
7. Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 converts 3-phosphoglyceric acid to 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid, while alpha-enolase with cofactor magnesium converts 3-phosphoglyceric acid to 2-phospho-D-glyceric acid.
8. Phospho-D-glyceric acid is converted to phosphoenolpyruvic acid.
9. Eventually, plastidial pyruvate kinase 4 transforms phosphoenolpyruvic acid to pyruvate with the help of cofactors magnesium and potassium, as well as ADP.
10. Pyruvate will proceed via pyruvate metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, pantothenate biosynthesis, and CoA biosynthesis.