What happens when an acid or base is mixed with water?

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Solution

When acid is mixed with water, dissociation occurs.
$H C l + H_{2} O ⟶ H_{3} O^{+} + C l^{-}$
Because $H^{+}$ gets easily hydrated in $H_{3} O^{+}$
Similarly with base,
$N a O H ⟶ N a^{+} + O H^{-}$

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