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Fischer's Esterification Process

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Question

What happens when fats or oils react with caustic soda?

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Solution

The alkaline hydrolysis of oils and fats is called saponification.
The ester, on treating with a base such as NaOH is converted back to alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid. The reaction is known as saponification because it is used in the manufacture of soap.
$C H_{3} C O O C_{2} H_{5} + N a O H \to C_{2} H_{5} O H + C H_{3} C O O N a$

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