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Question

What happens when fats or oils react with caustic soda?

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Solution

The alkaline hydrolysis of oils and fats is called saponification.
The ester, on treating with a base such as NaOH is converted back to alcohol and sodium salt of carboxylic acid. The reaction is known as saponification because it is used in the manufacture of soap.
CH3COOC2H5+NaOHC2H5OH+CH3COONa

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