What is Aldehyde? Write the IUPAC names and formula of first three members of this series.

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Solution

Aldehyde - The organic compounds in which $- \begin{matrix} O | | C \end{matrix} - H$ group is present are included in the Aldehyde homologous series. The common/general formula of this series is $C_{n} H_{2 n} O$ where n is the number of carbon atoms.
For IUPAC nomenclature the suffix 'e' is substituted by -al of relative alkane.
Name of
Original Hydrocarbon Formula of
hydrocarbon Common name of Aldehyde
(Hydrocarbon derivative) IUPAC name of
aldehyde Formula of
aldehyde
Methane $C H_{4}$ Formaldehyde Methanal $H C H O$
Ethane $C H_{3} C H_{3}$ Acetaldehyde Ethanal $C H_{3} C H O$
Propane $C H_{3} C H_{2} C H_{3}$ Propanaldehyde Propanal $C H_{3} C H_{2} C H O$
Butane $C H_{3} C H_{2} C H_{2} C H_{3}$ Butanaldehyde Butanal $C H_{3} C H_{2} C H_{2} C H O$

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Name of Original Hydrocarbon	Formula of hydrocarbon	Common name of Aldehyde (Hydrocarbon derivative)	IUPAC name of aldehyde	Formula of aldehyde
Methane	$C H_{4}$	Formaldehyde	Methanal	$H C H O$
Ethane	$C H_{3} C H_{3}$	Acetaldehyde	Ethanal	$C H_{3} C H O$
Propane	$C H_{3} C H_{2} C H_{3}$	Propanaldehyde	Propanal	$C H_{3} C H_{2} C H O$
Butane	$C H_{3} C H_{2} C H_{2} C H_{3}$	Butanaldehyde	Butanal	$C H_{3} C H_{2} C H_{2} C H O$