What is Aldehyde ? Write the IUPAC names and formula of first three numbers of this series.

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Solution

Aldehyde - The organic compounds in which -C-H group is present are included in the Aldehyde homologous series. The common/general formula of this series is $C_{n} H_{2 n}$ where n is the number of carbon atoms.
For IUPAC nomenclature the suffix 'e' is substituted by -al of relative alkane.
Name of the original hydrocarbon Formula of hydrocarbon Common name of Aldehyde (Hydrocarbon derivative) IUPAC name of Aldehyde Formula of Aldehyde
Methane $C H_{4}$ Formaldehyde Methanal $H C H O$
Ethane $C H_{3} C H_{3}$ Acetaldehyde
Ethanal $C H_{3} C H O$
Propane $C H_{3} C H_{2} C H_{3}$ Propanaldehyde
Propnal $C H_{3} C H_{2} C H O$
Butane $C H_{3} C H_{2} C H_{2} C H_{3}$ Butanaldehyde Butanal $C H_{3} C H_{2} C H_{2} C H O$

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Q. Write the IUPAC name and structural formula of the first four member of alcohol homologous series?

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C $C_{4} H_{8} O$
(a) Which compound contains an alcohol group? Write its name and structural formula.
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Write the formulae and IUPAC names of first two carboxylic acid. [2 MARKS]

Write the IUPAC names of following ketone or aldehyde. If possible, give common name(s) also.

C H_{3} C H_{2} C H (B r) C H_{2} C H (C H_{3}) C H O

(a) Write the name and formula of an organic compound containing a ketone functional group.
(b) Write the names and formulae for the first three members of the homologous series of chloroalkanes.
(c) How would you name the following compound?
$C H_{3} - C H_{2} - B r$

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Name of the original hydrocarbon	Formula of hydrocarbon	Common name of Aldehyde (Hydrocarbon derivative)	IUPAC name of Aldehyde	Formula of Aldehyde
Methane	$C H_{4}$	Formaldehyde	Methanal	$H C H O$
Ethane	$C H_{3} C H_{3}$	Acetaldehyde	Ethanal	$C H_{3} C H O$
Propane	$C H_{3} C H_{2} C H_{3}$	Propanaldehyde	Propnal	$C H_{3} C H_{2} C H O$
Butane	$C H_{3} C H_{2} C H_{2} C H_{3}$	Butanaldehyde	Butanal	$C H_{3} C H_{2} C H_{2} C H O$