Question

What is an example of a mutation in evolution?

Answer 1

Mutation:

1. The change or alteration in the DNA sequences results in changes in the phenotype and genotype of an organism is called a mutation.
2. The change in the DNA is caused due to change in the single base pair of the DNA( point mutation) or exposure to the chemicals that can cause mutations(mutagens).
3. The mutations can occur both in the somatic and germinal cells (sex cells) of the body.
4. Somatic mutation can result in cancer, and germinal mutation can cause genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis, which can be transmitted from parents to the offspring.

Example of mutation in evolution:

Malaria resistance:

1. A classic example of a mutation in evolution in humans is the mutation in the gene HbS which makes RBC.
2. One copy of this gene provides resistance to malaria but two copies of this gene cause sickle cell anemia.
3. The researchers of Italy while studying the population of the African country found a different variant of the hemoglobin (HbC) gene.
4. People with only one copy of this gene are 29% less likely to get malaria, while those with two copies are 93% less at risk.
5. In the worst case, this gene mutation can cause mild anemia that is not as dangerous as sickle cell anemia.