Question

What is Golgi apparatus? List its functions.

Answer 1

The Golgi apparatus, also called Golgi complex or Golgi body, is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells (cells with clearly defined nuclei) that is made up of a series of flattened stacked pouches called cisternae. It is located in the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum and near the cell nucleus.

Functions:

1. The main function of Golgi apparatus is to carry out the processing of proteins generated in endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi apparatus also transports protein to the different parts of cell.
2. The Golgi enzymes present in membranous disks of cisternae carry out the modification of cargo proteins. Modification of various substances is carried out by enzymes in cisternae with the help of processes like phosphorylation and glycosylation.
3. Sulfation is an important task carried out by the Golgi body. The sulfating of substances passing through the lumen of Golgi body is carried out with the help of sulfotransferases.
4. Carbohydrates are synthesized in the Golgi body. The process of carbohydrate synthesis involves production of polysaccharides and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
5. Transportation of lipids around cells and creation of lysosomes are the important functions carried out by Golgi apparatus.