Question

What is meant by metabolic inhibitors?

Answer 1

An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity. Since blocking an enzyme's activity can kill a pathogen or correct a metabolic imbalance, many drugs are enzyme inhibitors. They are also used in pesticides. ... Inhibitor binding is either reversible or irreversible

What is an inhibitor??


A Metabolic Inhibitor reduces the productivity of an enzyme by (usually) forming a weak bond to an enzyme
Competitive Inhibitors
Reduce the productivity of an enzymes by blocking substrates from entering active sites
Can be overcome by increasing the number of substrate so that as more active sites become available, the number of substrates becomes higher than the number of inhibitors.
Noncompetitive Inhibitors
Do not directly compete with the substrate to bind the enzyme at the active site
Impede enzymatic reactions by binding to another part of the enzyme
This causes the enzyme molecule to change its shape, causing the enzyme to become less effective at it's job
Allosteric Regulation of Enzymes
Any case in which a protein's function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site
The binding of an
activator
to a regulatory site stabilizes the shape that has active function sites
The binding sites of an
inhibitor
stabilizes the inactive form of an enzyme
The subunits of an allosteric enzyme fit together in such a way that a shape change in one subunit is transmitted to all others
Uncompetitive Inhibitors
Also known as anti-competitive inhibition
Takes place when an enzyme inhibitor binds only to the complex formed between the enzyme and the substrate
Requires that an enzyme-substrate compound must be formed
Increases enzymes affinity for the substrate
Metabolic Inhibitors
By: Evan McGuffin and Emilie Kovalik
Example of Competitive Inhibitor:
The antibiotic sulfanilamide is similar in structure to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), an intermediate in the pathway for folic acid. Sulfanilamide can competitively inhibit the enzyme that has PABA as it's normal substrate by occupying the active site of the enzyme.
Analogy: Trying to get into a room where the door is blocked by someone who looks like you
Example of Non-Competitive Inhibitor
Heavy Metal Poisoning:
Allosterically regulated enzymes are generally constructed from two or more subunits, with each being comprised of a polypeptide chain and having its own active site
Will affect cyestine residue on protein chains that affect how it folds. Heavy metal will bond to cyestine and change how enzyme folds, reducing its effectiveness.
Analogy: Non competitive inhibtor is like a dimmer switch, because it doesn't completely stop the reactions, but it lowers the functionality.
Example: An example of this can be found in respiration, where a specific enzyme, phosphofructokinase-1, is activated by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), but inactivated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Analogy: Like a light switch, turns on, or turns off an enzyme