Question

What is speciation?

Answer 1

Speciation:

1. Speciation is the process of evolution that results in the formation of new species.
2. The two most significant processes that lead to speciation are reproductive isolation and geographic isolation.
3. It is a process through which a single evolutionary lineage splits into two or more genetically distinct lineage.

Example of speciation:

1. The Galapagos finches are an example of speciation.
2. These birds inhabit various islands of the Galapagos archipelago, which is located in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of South America.
3. The ocean separates the finches from one another. Each finch species has evolved a distinct beak that is specifically fitted to the type of food it consumes throughout the years.
4. The broad, blunt beaks of some finches can break the hard shells of nuts and seeds. Other finches have long and slender beaks that allow them to probe inside the cactus flowers without being pierced by the spines. Other finches have beaks that are medium in size and can catch and grasp insects.
5. The birds do not breed with one another since they are isolated.