Question

What is the classification of NTDs?

Answer 1

Neural tube defect (NTD):

1. NTD stands for neural tube defect.
2. These are the defects in the brain and spinal cord from the birth of an individual.
3. These defects are hereditary as well as environmental factors also play a role.
4. The most common NTD is Spina bifida.

Types of NTDs:

Open neural tube defect (ONTD):

1. These are very common and involve the whole central nervous system with the neural tissues that are exposed and the CSF leaking.
2. Examples: spina bifida, anencephaly, and encephalocele.

Closed neural tube defect (CNTD):

1. These are localized to the spine. Here, the brain is affected rarely.
2. The neural tissue here is not exposed even though the skin covering the defect can be dysplastic.
3. In this case, the spinal defect is covered by skin.
4. Examples: lipomyelomeningocele, lipomeningocele, and tethered cord.