What is the correct order of reactivity of alcohols in the following reaction?
$R - O H + H C l Z n C l_{2} - --- \to R - C l + H_{2} O$
(a) $1^{\circ} > 2^{\circ} > 3^{\circ}$
(b) $1^{\circ} < 2^{\circ} > 3^{\circ}$
(c) $3^{\circ} > 2^{\circ} > 1^{\circ}$
(d) $3^{\circ} > 1^{\circ} > 2^{\circ}$

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Solution

The given reaction is nucleophilic substitution reaction in which - OH group is replaced by - Cl. Tertiary alcohols, when react with HCI in presence of $Z n C l_{2}$ , form tertiary carbocation.
This intermediate $3^{\circ}$ carbocation is more stable than $2^{\circ}$ carbocation as well as $1^{\circ}$ carbocation. Higher the stability of intermediate, higher will be the reactivity of reactant molecule.
So, the order of reactivity of alcohols in the given reaction is $3^{\circ} > 2^{\circ} > 1^{\circ}$ and correct option is (c).

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