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Question
What is the correct order of the following carbocations from most stable to least stable?
I) CH3−⊕CH−CH3
II) CH3−⊕CH−OCH3
III) CH3−⊕CH−CH2−OCH3.
What is the correct order of the following carbocations from most stable to least stable?
I) CH3−⊕CH−CH3
II) CH3−⊕CH−OCH3
III) CH3−⊕CH−CH2−OCH3.
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Solution
The correct option is B II>III>I
Structure-II is the most stable carbocation since −OCH3 (methoxy) is present nearer to the carbocation. The Methoxy group is an electron-withdrawing group. Generally, the electron-withdrawing group stabilizes the carbocation. The effect of the electron-withdrawing and releasing groups can be studied on the basis of inductive effect ( -I effect). Structure -III is the second most stable carbocation since the methoxy group is present at a small distance from carbocation. Structure -II is more stable than structure-III since the inductive effect is the distance-dependent effect. When an electron-withdrawing group is close to carbocation, then it is more stable. As distance increases, then stability will get decreases. Structure -I is the least stable carbocation since two methyl groups are present nearer to the carbocation. Methyl groups are electron releasing groups and it destabilizes carbocation. Thus, the correct order of stability is II>III>IThus, Option-B is correct.
Structure-II is the most stable carbocation since −OCH3 (methoxy) is present nearer to the carbocation. The Methoxy group is an electron-withdrawing group. Generally, the electron-withdrawing group stabilizes the carbocation. The effect of the electron-withdrawing and releasing groups can be studied on the basis of inductive effect ( -I effect).
Structure -III is the second most stable carbocation since the methoxy group is present at a small distance from carbocation. Structure -II is more stable than structure-III since the inductive effect is the distance-dependent effect. When an electron-withdrawing group is close to carbocation, then it is more stable. As distance increases, then stability will get decreases.
Structure -I is the least stable carbocation since two methyl groups are present nearer to the carbocation. Methyl groups are electron releasing groups and it destabilizes carbocation.
Thus, the correct order of stability is II>III>I
Thus, Option-B is correct.
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