What is the difference between an emf and a potential difference? Under what circumstances are the potential difference between the terminal of battery and the emf of the battery are equal to each other?

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Solution

S.No E.M. F Potential Difference
1.
Formula: $E = I (R + r)$
Where,
E is the electromotive force,
I is the current flowing in the circuit.
R is the external resistance,
is the current flowing in the circuit.
r is the internal resistance.

Formula:

$V = I R$
Where,
I is the current flowing in the circuit.
R is the external resistance,
V is the voltage.
2.
Causes:
This is caused by the electric, gravitational and magnetic fields.
This difference is only produced by the electric field.
3.
Definition:
E.M.F is a potential difference that is created when no current is flowing in the system.
The potential difference is the amount of energy utilized by one coulomb of charge.
The potential difference between the terminals of a battery will equal the emf of the battery when there is no current in the battery.

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S.No	E.M. F	Potential Difference
1.	Formula: $E = I (R + r)$ Where, E is the electromotive force, I is the current flowing in the circuit. R is the external resistance, is the current flowing in the circuit. r is the internal resistance.	Formula: $V = I R$ Where, I is the current flowing in the circuit. R is the external resistance, V is the voltage.
2.	Causes: This is caused by the electric, gravitational and magnetic fields.	This difference is only produced by the electric field.
3.	Definition: E.M.F is a potential difference that is created when no current is flowing in the system.	The potential difference is the amount of energy utilized by one coulomb of charge.