Question

What is the difference between azeotropic and extractive distillation?

Answer 1

Azeotropic distillation	Extractive distillation
It is a chemical technique used to separate the components from the mixture by the formation of an azeotrope.	It is a technique in which the addition of a third component to the binary mixture will separate out the two initial components.
In this technique, it is important to prior forming the azeotropes. An azeotrope is a mixture of two or more liquids whose proportions cannot be altered or changed by simple distillation.	In this technique, the addition of a nonvolatile component will affect the volatility of the component.
The separated components are formed in the vapour phase but the composition of the component is still as same as a liquid.	The separation of components occurs from the matrix of substances.
Example: Used in dehydration of ethanol $\mathbf{\left(}{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}\mathbf{OH}\mathbf{\right)}$and water mixtures.	Example: Used in the separation of toluene from Iso-octane in the presence of phenol as the solvent.