What is the difference between the INTERNAL FERTILIZATION and the EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION ?

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Basis for Comparison Internal Fertilization External Fertilization

Meaning The process of fusion of male and female gamete (sperm and egg) taking place inside the body of the female, is called as internal fertilization. The process of fusion of male and female gamete (sperm and egg) taking place in the external environment (in water bodies) and so-called as external fertilization.

Gametes released Less number of gametes (sperms) are released, which gets deposited inside the female body. Numerous gametes (sperms and egg) are released into the environment. These gametes are of male as well as of female.

Process involves Only male gametes are released or discharged into the female genital tract. Both male and female release or discharge their gametes in their external surrounding.

Further process of development (syngamy) occurs inside the body only. Further process of development (syngamy) occurs outside the body.

There are three types by which internal fertilization occurs:
1. Oviparity.
2. Viviparity.
3. Ovoviviparity. It occurs only in an external environment.

Examples Mammals (including humans), Reptiles, Birds, Bryophytes and Tracheophytes. Amphibians, Algae, Fish, etc.

Advantages 1. There are more chances of survival of offspring, as they get parental care.
2. Even the rates of successful fertilization are much higher.
3. There are chances of success of survival of the offspring even in harsh condition. 1. The offspring produced are higher in number.
2. Less amount of energy is required to find a mate.
3. Less competition between offspring and their parents.

Disadvantages 1. Requires high energy to find a mate.
2. The offspring produced are few.
3. Larger contribution of the female parent only. 1. Fewer chances of survival of the offspring, as there is no parental care and they (offspring) get preyed upon.
2. Due to unprotection, many offspring do not get fertilized or survive till their maturity.
3. Can survive in moistened or in the wet e

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