What is the role of ionization potential and electron affinity of the elements in the formation of ionic and covalent bonds?

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Solution

Properties
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Ionisation energy The lower the value of ionization potential of the element, the higher the cation formation. Likewise, higher ionization energy leads to anion formation. Hence, if the difference in ionization potential between the two atoms is more, ionic compounds are formed. Atoms with higher ionization potential are unable to lose their valence electrons and hence prefer to form covalent bonds by sharing electrons.
Electron affinity Atoms with very low electron affinity form ionic bond with the atoms of higher electron affinity. The formation of a covalent bond is favoured when the combining atoms have almost equal electron affinity.

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Properties	Ionic bond	Covalent bond
Ionisation energy	The lower the value of ionization potential of the element, the higher the cation formation. Likewise, higher ionization energy leads to anion formation. Hence, if the difference in ionization potential between the two atoms is more, ionic compounds are formed.	Atoms with higher ionization potential are unable to lose their valence electrons and hence prefer to form covalent bonds by sharing electrons.
Electron affinity	Atoms with very low electron affinity form ionic bond with the atoms of higher electron affinity.	The formation of a covalent bond is favoured when the combining atoms have almost equal electron affinity.