Which amongst the following represents the correct order of covalent nature?

S i C l_{4} < A l C l_{3} < C a C l_{2} < M g C l_{2}

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S i C l_{4} > C a C l_{2} > M g C l_{2} > A l C l_{3}

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S i C l_{4} > A l C l_{3} > C a C l_{2} > M g C l_{2}

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S i C l_{4} > A l C l_{3} > M g C l_{2} > C a C l_{2}

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Solution

The correct option is D $S i C l_{4} > A l C l_{3} > M g C l_{2} > C a C l_{2}$
According to Fajan's rule:
i) Cation with higher positive charge has greater covalent character than cation with lower positive charge.
ii) The smaller the size of cation, more is the covalent character.

Order of size for given cations are: $S i^{4 +} < A l^{3 +} < M g^{2 +} < C a^{2 +}$

Hence the covalent character is: $S i C l_{4} > A l C l_{3} > M g C l_{2} > C a C l_{2}$

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