Question

Which of the following biotechnological product can enhance the immune system?

• A. IL-2
• B. GM-CSF
• C. TNF
• D. All of the above

Answer 1

Answer: (D)

All of the above

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of signaling molecule that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), a monomeric glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, NK cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that function as a cytokine - a white blood cell growth factor and stimulate stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes. Monocytes exit the circulation and migrate into tissue, whereupon they mature into macrophages and dendritic cells. Thus, it is part of the immune system. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction. It is produced chiefly by activated macrophages. The primary role of TNF is in the regulation of immune cells. Thus, the correct answer is option D.