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Question

Which of the following compounds is polar and has a central atom with sp3 hybridisation?

A
H2CO3
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B
SiF4
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C
BF3
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D
HClO2
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Solution

The correct option is D HClO2
Hybridization of the central atom in a molecule can be calculated by calculating its steric number. So, the steric number for carbon atom in H2CO3 = number of atoms bonded + lone pairs = 3 + 0 = 3.
hybridisation of the central atom (C) = sp2, and H2CO3 is a polar molecule.

Similarly, the steric number for silicon atom in SiF4 = 4 + 0 = 4.
hybridisation of the central atom (Si) = sp3, and SiF4 has a tetrahedral geometry. So, due to symmetry, it is a non-polar molecule.

The steric number for boron atom in BF3 = 3 + 0 = 3.
hybridisation of the central atom (B) = sp2, and BF3 has a trigonal planar geometry. So, due to symmetry, it is a non-polar molecule.

The steric number for chlorine atom in HClO2 = 2 + 2 = 4.
hybridisation of the central atom (Cl) = sp3, and HClO2 has a bent shape. So, it is a polar molecule.

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