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Question
Which of the following glands is stimulated by nicotine for raising the blood pressure in the body?
Which of the following glands is stimulated by nicotine for raising the blood pressure in the body?
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Solution
The correct option is C Adrenal
Nicotine is the major stimulating component of all tobacco products. It is highly addictive as nicotine stimulates the feeling of euphoria and pleasure in an individual. But nicotine can be highly toxic when taken intravenously. While smoking, only a fraction of the smoke is inhaled. Hence immediate ill-effects are not noticed.
Inhalation of tobacco smoke causes an average smoker to take in 1–2 milligrams of nicotine per cigarette. Nicotine stimulates the adrenal glands (ductless glands that are fitted like caps on the top of each kidney) to release the hormone adrenaline or epinephrine.
Adrenaline, being an emergency hormone that prepares the body for fight or flight, causes an increase in blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate of the body.
The thyroid is a butterfly shaped ductless gland that is present in the front of the neck, just below the larynx. This gland secretes the thyroxine hormone which is mainly responsible for regulating the basal metabolic rate of the body.
The pituitary is the master gland situated below the hypothalamus in the brain. It releases tropic hormones that control the secretion of hormones from all other endocrine glands.
The pancreas is a leaf shaped endocrine gland which is located just behind the stomach. The pancreas releases the insulin, glucagon and somatostatin hormones from a group of cells known as the islets of Langerhans. These hormones are associated with regulating the level of glucose in the blood.
Although nicotine does affect the thyroid, pituitary or pancreas in long term use, these glands do not have a direct effect or role on blood pressure regulation.
Nicotine is the major stimulating component of all tobacco products. It is highly addictive as nicotine stimulates the feeling of euphoria and pleasure in an individual. But nicotine can be highly toxic when taken intravenously. While smoking, only a fraction of the smoke is inhaled. Hence immediate ill-effects are not noticed.
Inhalation of tobacco smoke causes an average smoker to take in 1–2 milligrams of nicotine per cigarette. Nicotine stimulates the adrenal glands (ductless glands that are fitted like caps on the top of each kidney) to release the hormone adrenaline or epinephrine.
Adrenaline, being an emergency hormone that prepares the body for fight or flight, causes an increase in blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate of the body.
The thyroid is a butterfly shaped ductless gland that is present in the front of the neck, just below the larynx. This gland secretes the thyroxine hormone which is mainly responsible for regulating the basal metabolic rate of the body.
The pituitary is the master gland situated below the hypothalamus in the brain. It releases tropic hormones that control the secretion of hormones from all other endocrine glands.
The pancreas is a leaf shaped endocrine gland which is located just behind the stomach. The pancreas releases the insulin, glucagon and somatostatin hormones from a group of cells known as the islets of Langerhans. These hormones are associated with regulating the level of glucose in the blood.
Although nicotine does affect the thyroid, pituitary or pancreas in long term use, these glands do not have a direct effect or role on blood pressure regulation.
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