Which of the following group(s) show $+ M$ effect?

- - C H_{2}

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- N H C O R

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- O^{-}

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- O H

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Solution

The correct option is D $- O H$
$+ M$ effect :
Here transfer of $π$ (pi) electron takes place from the atom/group towards the conjugated system.
If a conjugated system has electron donating group attached, then it shows $+ M$ effect.

$+ M$ series :
$- - C H_{2} > - - N H - O^{-} > - N H_{2} > - N H R > - N R_{2} > - O H > - O R > - N H C O R > - O C O R > - P h > - F > - C l > - B r > - I > - N O$

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