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Question

Which of the following groups exhibit the highest −I effect?

A
CHO
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B
CH=NH
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C
CH=CH2
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D
Both (a) and (b) above
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Solution

The correct option is A CHO
Among the three groups, CHO group has a polar C=O bond and CH=NH group has a polar C=N bond while CH=CH2 group is non polar because the electronegativity difference between two carbon atoms is zero.
The high electronegativity of O atom makes the CHO group more electron-withdrawing due to the generation of more partial positive charge on the respective C atom.

Therefore, CHO group will show the highest I effect.

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