Which of the following is/are electrophile?

$A l C l_{3}$

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$B F_{3}$

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$\oplus N O_{2}$

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$R - . . S . . - H$

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Solution

The correct option is C
$\oplus N O_{2}$

Substrate Reagent Product Reagents are of two types: the one which attacks the positive site in the molecule is called the nucleophile or nucleophilic reagent and the one which attacks the negative site in the molecule is called the electrophile or electrophilic reagent.

Electrophilic reagent or electrophile: A positively charged species or neutral molecule with electron-deficient centre. They act as Lewis acids, e. g.

$\oplus H, . B \oplus r, C \oplus l, \oplus l \oplus N O_{2} R_{3} \oplus C, H_{3}, \oplus O, \oplus N H_{4}, \oplus N O, R \oplus N = N,$

$S O_{3}, B F_{3}, A l C l_{3}, Z n C l_{2}, F e C l_{3} \oplus, R C O C l, (R C O)_{2} O (a n h y d r i d e) .$

Here, $A l C l_{3}, B F_{3} a n d N O_{2}$ are electron-deficient.
$A l C l_{3} a n d B F_{3}$ are electrophites because they act as levis acids.
$\to$ All Lewis acids act as electrophits.
They takes electron pair into their empty orbitals.

[ $^{*} N o t e \Rightarrow$ Electrophiles are also neutral species having vacant orbitals which make it electron-deficient.]

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