Question

Which of the following steps are involved in downstream processing?
I. Large scale production
II. Purification of the product
III. Separation of the product
IV. Withdrawal of small volumes of culture periodically

• A. I and II
• B. II and III
• C. III and IV
• D. IV and I

Answer 1

The correct option is B II and III

Downstream processing deals with obtaining the desired product of fermentation in its pure and active form. The steps involved in downstream processing are separation of particles, followed by disintegration of cells then extraction and concentration of the desired product and finally purification of the product.
While large scale production and testing (using withdrawal of small volumes of culture periodically from continuous culture) are steps in upstream processing.