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Question

Which one of the following groups shows maximum -I effect?

A
+N(CH3)3
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B
+NH3
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C
I
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D
F
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Solution

The correct option is A +N(CH3)3
Permanent shift in electron density away from the carbon chain to the substituent is called -I effect.
Electron withdrawing groups show negative inductive effect. Electron withdrawing groups means substituent which withdraws electron pair towards itself. So the correct order of -I effect will be
+N(CH3)3>+NH3>F>I.

The +N(CH3)3 and +NH3 shows maximum electron withdrawing effect as compared to F and I due to presence of positive charge. Steric Repulsion of alkyl group causes the bond length(N-R) to increase, hence the electron donation by -R group becomes difficult, leading to +NR3 better EWG as compared to +NH3.

Among F and I more electronegative element has better withdrawing ability of electron hence F>I
Hence +N(CH3)3 will show maximum -I effect.

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