DNA based identity testing was first developed by Sir Alec Jeffreys.
- Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, allows the genetic diagnosis of vulnerabilities to inherited diseases and can also be used to determine a child's parentage (genetic mother and father). Genetic testing identifies changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins.
- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is a genetic testing procedures that are performed on human embryos prior to the implantation as part of an in vitro fertilization procedure. Pre-implantation testing is used when individuals try to conceive a child through in vitro fertilization.