this is because acceleration and velocity have direction means they are vector quantities
whereas speed is a scalar quantity it doesn't have any direction
eg :
if a car is moving from left to right at 5km/h
its speed is 5km/h and its velocity is also 5km/h
if the same car is returning from right to left at 5km/h
its speed is 5km/h but velocity is - 5km/h ( as the car is moving in the opposite direction)
similarly, acceleration also have direction that's why velocity and acceleration are related
but not with speed