Why do soaps not work with hard water ?

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Solution

Calcium and magnesium salts present in hard water react with soaps to from insoluble compounds, which form curdy white precipitates and are difficult to remove from the clothes.

$2 C_{17} H_{35} C O O N a S o a p + M g C l_{2} (I n h a r d w a t e r) ⟶ (C_{17} H_{35} C O O)_{2} M g ↓ W h i t e c u r d y p p t$

$2 C_{17} H_{35} C O O N a S o a p + C a C l_{2} (I n h a r d w a t e r) ⟶ (C_{17} H_{35} C O O)_{2} C a ↓ + 2 N a C l W h i t e p p t$

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