Question

Why does a transparent object allow s light to pass through and opaque object doesn't might be some things in there molecules which Abbsob light and and give object the color what is that thing ? because that thing is present in opaque object thus light cant pass and absent in transparent so light can pass.

Answer 1

It depends on the internal structure and ordering of the atoms and molecules in the object. If a particular material has a very ordered structure of molecules or atoms such as diamonds, then there is a lot of space for photons to pass through without too much scattering or absorption, or if the spacing between the molecules/atoms is comparatively large as in the case of liquids, photons can pass through. This is what we view as transparent or translucent. However solids with random and disordered molecule/atom structures absorb or reflect most of the light falling on it. This is what we view as opaque.