- Bubonic plague.
- This is the most common type. It causes buboes, which are very swollen and painful lymph node under the arms,
- in the neck, or in the groin.
- Without treatment, the bacteria can spread to other parts of the body.
- Bubonic plague is an infection of the lymphatic system, usually resulting from the bite of an infected flea, Xenopsylla cheopis (the rat flea).
- In very rare circumstances, as in the septicemic plague, the disease can be transmitted by direct contact with infected tissue or exposure to the cough of another human.
- The flea is parasitic on house and field rats, and seeks out other prey when its rodent hosts die.
- The bacteria remain harmless to the flea, allowing the new host to spread the bacteria.
- The bacteria form aggregates in the gut of infected fleas and this results in the flea regurgitating ingested blood, which is now infected, into the bite site of a rodent or human host.
- Once established, bacteria rapidly spread to the lymph nodes and multiply.
Symptoms include swollen lymph nodes, which can be as large as chicken eggs, in the groin, armpit or neck. They may be tender and warm. Others include fever, chills, headache, fatigue and muscle aches.
People may experience:
Pain areas: in the abdomen or muscles
Cough: can be with blood
Whole body: fever, chills, fatigue, or malaise
Gastrointestinal: diarrhoea, nausea, or vomiting
Also common: bleeding, delirium, headache, phlegm, shortness of breath, or swollen and tender lymph node
Critical: consult a doctor for medical advice