Question

why is a bacterial cell able to survive better in hot weather conditions?

Answer 1

Bacteria have some amazing survival mechanisms incorporated into their genome. They produce a diverse group of enzymes and proteins which help them overcome the adversity. They produce both "Heat Shock" and "Cold Shock" proteins which protect the bacterial cell from extreme heat and cold respectively. Bacteria also toughen up the cell wall so that the membrane covering the important cellular mechanisms does not lose its integrity. During cases of extreme osmotic conditions, the bacterial cells produce a group of proteins called as "osmotic compatible solutes". These proteins are secreted to the external environment instead of valuable ions so that cell does not lose its functions.