One of the earliest commonly used E. coli cloning vectors was the plasmid pBR322.
Cloning vectors are tiny genomes that allow for the delivery of foreign DNA to the host cell that can be utilized for cloning.
For instance, bacteriophages, cosmids, and plasmids.
Ampicillin and tetracycline resistance genes are the selected markers in the cloning vector pBR322.
They assist in the separation of transformed cells from non-transformed cells, which is their function.
Due to the presence of two antibiotic resistance genes that serve as selectable markers and restriction enzyme recognition sites, pBR322 is an effective cloning vector.