Swiss cheese is a generic name in North America for several related varieties of cheese. Swiss cheese has a distinctive appearance as the blocks of the cheese contain big holes. The bacteria, more specifically Propionibacterium shermanii which releases carbon dioxide when it consumes the lactic acid and forms bubbles. The bubbles don't just disappear, they form little air pockets, resulting in the holes of the Swiss cheese. Hence, Propionibacterium shermanii is responsible for big holes in Swiss cheese.