The Silk Route was called so because the main item of trade along his route was silk itself. Chinese were the first to produce and trade silk through this Silk Route.
The Silk Route was like a profit-earning avenue for the different kingdom lying on its way. Therefore, they tried to gain control over this route. One of the best way to control this route was by providing protection to the traders from the attacks of the robbers. In return of the protection, the merchant used to pay the rulers with handsome sum of money. This way both ruler and merchants benefitted. The merchants got the protection and the rulers got the control over this valuable trading route.