Write a short note on Hoffmann bromide degradation.

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Solution

$R - C O - N H_{2} (a m i d e) + B r_{2} + 4 N a O H ⟶ R N H_{3} (p r i m a r y a m i n e) + N a_{2} C O_{3} + 2 N a B r + 2 H_{2} O$

Hoffmann bromamide degradation is a method for the preparation of primary amines by treating an amide with bromine in an aqueous or ethanolic solution of sodium hydroxide.

In this degradation reaction, migration of an alkyl or aryl group takes place from carbonyl carbon of the amide to the nitrogen atom. The amine so formed contains one carbon less than that present in the amide. This reaction is useful for decreasing the length of carbon chain by one carbon atom.

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