Question

Write in your own words about machine-based and heavy industries.

Answer 1

Instructions -
Your answer should have the following points:
Machine-based industries:

• Where were these industries first set up?
• Who owned these industries?

Heavy industries:

• Talk about the iron and steel industry.
• Talk about the contributions of TISCO.

Solution:
Machine-based industries:

• The machine-based industry began in an organised manner in India with the establishment of the cotton textile industry in Bombay in 1854.
• Then the jute industry was established in the Hooghly valley at Rishra near Calcutta in 1855.
• Later on, the first paper mill was started in Ballyguni in Calcutta in 1870.
• These cotton mills were owned by Indians whereas the British capitalists owned jute mills.
• The cotton mills were set up in Bombay and Ahmedabad and the jute mills were on the banks of the Hooghly river.
• The woollen and leather factories were set up in Kanpur.

Heavy industries:

• The best example of heavy industry is the iron and steel industry.
• In India, Steel was first manufactured using modern methods at Kulti in 1874.
• The credit for the development of large-scale manufacture of steel in India is given to Jamshedji Tata.
• He established the Tata Iron and Steel Company or TISCO in 1907 at Jamshedpur. They began the production of pig iron in 1911 and steel ingots in 1912.