Write short notes on preparation of soil , sowing , winnowing and harvesting
Preparation of Soil The first step of cultivation is preparation of soil. This is done by loosening and turning the soil. A plough is used for this purpose. If the soil becomes too hard then farmer may resort to watering the soil before ploughing.Traditionally, animal-drawn ploughs have been used by farmers. Now-a-days, tractor-drawn ploughs are used for this purpose. A tractor helps in saving time and labour.The soil may contain many big lumps even after ploughing. The lumps are broken with the help of a hoe. Sometimes the farmer may add manure before ploughing; in order to properly mix the manure with soil.
Sowing
Sowing is the process of putting seeds in the soil. The tool used traditionally for sowing seeds is shaped like funnel. The seeds are filled into the funnel, passed down through two or three pipes having sharp ends. Now- a-days a seed drill is used for sowing with the help of tractors. This tool sows the seeds uniformly at a proper distance and depth.
Winnowing The process of separating grain from chaff and hay with the help of wind is called winnowing.When the grains mixed with chaff and hay is made to fall from a height in blowing wind,the grains,being heavy falls straight to the ground whereas the chaff and hay being much lighter are carried some distance away by the wind.
Harvesting
The cutting and gathering of the matured food crop is called harvesting.The crops like wheat or rice are cut close to the ground by hand using a cutting tool called sickle.This is called manual harvesting.In large fields,wheat and paddy crops are cut by a motorised machine calledharvester.
The first step of cultivation is preparation of soil. This is done by loosening and turning the soil. A plough is used for this purpose. If the soil becomes too hard then farmer may resort to watering the soil before ploughing.Traditionally, animal-drawn ploughs have been used by farmers. Now-a-days, tractor-drawn ploughs are used for this purpose. A tractor helps in saving time and labour.The soil may contain many big lumps even after ploughing. The lumps are broken with the help of a hoe. Sometimes the farmer may add manure before ploughing; in order to properly mix the manure with soil.
Sowing
Sowing is the process of putting seeds in the soil. The tool used traditionally for sowing seeds is shaped like funnel. The seeds are filled into the funnel, passed down through two or three pipes having sharp ends. Now- a-days a seed drill is used for sowing with the help of tractors. This tool sows the seeds uniformly at a proper distance and depth.
The process of separating grain from chaff and hay with the help of wind is called winnowing.When the grains mixed with chaff and hay is made to fall from a height in blowing wind,the grains,being heavy falls straight to the ground whereas the chaff and hay being much lighter are carried some distance away by the wind.
HarvestingThe cutting and gathering of the matured food crop is called harvesting.The crops like wheat or rice are cut close to the ground by hand using a cutting tool called sickle.This is called manual harvesting.In large fields,wheat and paddy crops are cut by a motorised machine calledharvester.
