Question

Write short notes on the following.
(i) Biomedical engineering
(ii) Stem cells
(iii) Cryopreservation

Answer 1

(i) Biomedical engineering is a discipline that combines the design and problem solving skills of engineering with medical and biological science to improve healthcare, diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Prominent biomedical engineering applications include the development of biocompatible prosthesis, various diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices ranging from clinical equipment to micro-implants, common imaging equipments such as MRIs and EEGs, regenerative tissue growth and therapeutic biologicals.

(ii) Stem cells are the undifferentiated cells that have the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell dividion and differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types.The two main types of mammalian stem cells are embryonic stem cells that are found in blastocysts and adult stem cells that are found in adult tissue.
(iii) Cryopreservation is the preservation of germplasm at ultra low temperature (line $-{196}^o$C) generally stored in liquid nitrogen is termed cryopreservation. In such kind of preservation the biological activity ceases and no genetic change occurs.