Question

Write the chemical equation describing fermentation of sugar.

Answer 1

Part:1

• Ethanol is prepared on a commercial scale by fermentation of sugar.
• Molasses is diluted to $\mathbf{3}$ times their volume by adding water.
• Then, the yeast extract is added to the dilute solution of molasses.
• The yeast extract contains enzymes called invertase and zymase.

Part 2:

• Fermentation is allowed to take place at $298-303\mathrm{K}$ in the absence of air.
• This is because Ethanol gets oxidized to Ethanoic acid in the presence of air.
• $$\begin{gathered} {\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{12}}{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{22}}{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{11}}\mathbf{}\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{s}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{O}\mathbf{}\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{l}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\stackrel{\mathbf{invertase}}{\mathbf{\to }}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{6}}{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{12}}{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{6}}\mathbf{}\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{aq}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{}{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{6}}{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{12}}{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{6}}\mathbf{}\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{aq}\mathbf{\right)} \\ \mathbf{Sucrose}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{Glucose}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{Fructose} \end{gathered}$$

1. $$\begin{gathered} {\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{6}}{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{12}}{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{6}}\mathbf{}\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{aq}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\stackrel{\mathbf{Zymase}}{\mathbf{\to }}\mathbf{}\mathbf{2}{\mathbf{C}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{5}}\mathbf{OH}\mathbf{}\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{aq}\mathbf{\right)}\mathbf{}\mathbf{+}\mathbf{}\mathbf{2}{\mathbf{CO}}_{\mathbf{2}}\mathbf{}\mathbf{\left(}\mathbf{g}\mathbf{\right)} \\ \mathbf{Glucose}\mathbf{/}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{Ethanol}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{Carbon} \\ \mathbf{Fructose}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{}\mathbf{Dioxide} \end{gathered}$$