Write the chemical reaction of chloroform with the following :
(i)Silver powder
(ii)Concentrate $H N O_{3}$
(iii)Acetone
(iv)Alkaline Solution of phenol

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Solution

i) Silver Powder : Reaction with Ag powder or Dehalogenation : On heating chloroform with Silver powder, pure acetylene gas is formed.
$2 C H C l_{3} + 6 A g \to C_{2} H_{2} + 6 A g C l$
(ii) Concentrated $H N O_{3}$ : On treating chloroform with concentrated nitric acid, the hydrogen atom of chloroform is replaced by nitro group and nitro chloroform (or chloropicrin) is formed. It is a liquid (b.p. - $112^{o} C$ ) which is used in war as a poisonous gas.
(iii) Acetone : Chloroform condenses with acetone in presence of sodium hydroxide to form chloretone which is a hypnotic (sleep inducing drug) of high grade.
(iv) Alkaline solution of phenol : On heating chloroform with concentrated alkali and phenol at $66 - 70^{o} C$ , σ-hydroxybenzaldehyde (salicylaldehyde) is formed. Traces of p- hydroxybenzaldehyde are also formed.

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