Write the equation for:
(a) the preparation of hydrogen chloride from sodium chloride and sulphuric acid. State whether the sulphuric acid should be concentrated or dilute.
(b) the reaction between hydrogen chloride and ammonia.

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Solution

(a) The reaction between sodium chloride and sulphuric acid at temperature below 200⁰C is given below:

NaCl(s) + H₂SO₄ (aq) → NaHSO₄(s) + 2HCl(g)
Sodium chloride Sulphuric Acid Sodium Hydrogen Hydrogen chloride
Sulphate gas
In this reaction, concentrated sulphuric acid is used because it also acts as a drying agent.

(b) When ammonia gas comes in contact with hydrogen chloride gas, it yields dense white fumes of ammonium chloride.

HCl(g) + NH₃(g) → NH₄Cl(s)

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(a) Write the equation for:
(i) the preparation of hydrogen chloride from sodium chloride and sulphuric acid. State whether the sulphuric acid should be concentrated or dilute.
(ii) the preparation of ammonia from ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide.
(iii) the reaction of hydrogen chloride with ammonia.

In the preparation of hydrogen chloride from sodium chloride and sulphuric acid, the sulphuric acid used should be concentrated

To prepare hydrogen chloride from sodium chloride and concentrated sulphuric acid.

Q. (a) Why is high temperature avoided in the preparation of hydrogen chloride from sodium sulphate and concentrated sulphuric acid?
(b) Sodium chloride is preferred for the preparation of HCI. Why? [2 MARKS]

Q. Sulphuric acid can be used In the laboratory to prepare the following substances :
(a) Hydrogen (b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Carbon monoxide (d) Sulphur dioxide
(e) Hydrogen chloride (f) Hydrogen sulphide
(g) Nitric acid.
1. Derive a balanced equation for each of the shove preparation.
2. In which of the reactions would you use (give numbers only): (i) Dilute Sulphuric acid, (ii) Sulphuric acid.
3. State the chemical property of sulphuric acid illustrated in each of these reactions.

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Write the equation for: (a) the preparation of hydrogen chloride from sodium chloride and sulphuric acid. State whether the sulphuric acid should be concentrated or dilute. (b) the reaction between hydrogen chloride and ammonia.

Write the equation for:
(a) the preparation of hydrogen chloride from sodium chloride and sulphuric acid. State whether the sulphuric acid should be concentrated or dilute.
(b) the reaction between hydrogen chloride and ammonia.