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Carboxylic Acids

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Question

Write the structural formula of ethanol. What happens when it is heated with excess of conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}$ at 443 K? Write the chemical equation for the reaction stating the role of conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}$ in this reaction.

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Solution

Structural formula of ethanol is
$C H_{3} C H_{2} O H$
When ethanol is heated with excess of conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}$ at 443 K it results in the dehydration of ethanol to give ethene.
$C H_{3} C H_{2} O H C o n c . H_{2} S O_{4} - ------- \to 443 K C H_{2} = C H_{2} + H_{2} 0 Ethanol Ethene$

Role of conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}$ : Conc. $H_{2} S O_{4}$ acts as a dehydrating agent which removes water from the ethanol.

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