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Question

You are provided with 48 cells each of emf 2 volts and internal resistance 4 ohms. What maximum current can flow in the circuit having an external resistance of 12 Ω?

A
1 A
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B
1.2 A
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C
0.96 A
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D
1.08 A
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Solution

The correct option is A 1 A
In a circuit containing battery, internal resistances and an external resistance, power output (and hence current) is maximum when Rext=(rint)equvalent

Here let's assume to maximise current, we put n rows and each row has m cells.

So, m×n=48 .......(1)

For each row, req=mr (Series combination)

for n such rows total, req=mrn (Parallel combination)

for maximum current, Rext=mrn

12=m×4n

m=3n .....(2)

Using equation (1) and (2) we have,

3n2=48
n2=16
n=4 and m=12

So 4 rows with each row having 12 cells.
Each row εeq=12×2=24 V

So circuit can be redrawn as:

(εeq)Total=24 V

(req)Total=484=12 Ω and Rext=12 Ω

So, i=(εeq)Total(req)Total+Rext=2412+12

i=1 A

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