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Question

A mixture of camphor and benzoic acid can be easily separated by


A

fractional distillation

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B

sublimation

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C

extraction with a solvent

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D

chemical method

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Solution

The correct option is D

chemical method


Explanation for the correct option

(D) Chemical method

  • Benzoic acid is an acid and therefore reacts with a base but camphor is an organic compound that does not react with the base.
  • Aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonateNaHCO3 is used to separate the mixture of benzoic acid and camphor.
  • Benzoic acid reacts with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate to form sodium benzoate C6H5COONa which is water-soluble whereas camphor does not react with sodium bicarbonate.

Explanation for incorrect options

(A) Fractional distillation:-

  • Fractional distillation is a method that is used to separate a mixture into its components by heating the mixture
  • It is generally used when the boiling points of components have a difference of less than 25oC
  • Camphor has a boiling point of 209oC whereas benzoic acid has a boiling point of 249.2oC, therefore fractional distillation cannot be used to separate this mixture.

(B) Sublimation:-

  • A process in which a substance gets converted directly from a solid state to a gaseous state is called sublimation.
  • Both camphor and benzoic acid undergo sublimation therefore they cannot be separated by sublimation.

(C) Extraction with a solvent:-

  • Solvent extraction is a method that is used to separate components of a mixture based on their solubility in two different immiscible liquids.
  • For eg:- Solvent extraction is used when one component of the mixture is soluble in organic solvent and the other component is soluble in water.
  • Both camphor and benzoic acid are soluble in organic solvents therefore the mixture cannot be separated using solvent extraction.

Therefore, the correct option is (d) the chemical method


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