Question

a) Expand DNA and RNA.

(b) In which part of the cell it is found? State its function.

(c) In which form is DNA present in (1) dividing cell and (2) non-dividing cell?

Answer 1

(a) DNA and RNA:

1. DNA is an abbreviation for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
2. RNA is an abbreviation for Ribonucleic Acid.
3. DNA is a double-stranded structure in helical form.
4. RNA is a single-stranded structure.
5. They both are formed by polymers of nucleotides, forming strands.
6. They both are made up of 3 components, namely, Nitrogenous bases, Phosphate group, and Deoxyribose sugar.

(b) Location and Functions:

1. DNA is located inside the nucleus of a cell.
2. Whereas RNA is mainly found outside of the nucleus, in the cytoplasm of the cell.
3. DNA is a hereditary material carrying entire genetic information.
4. DNA helps in creating variation and transferring inheritance among parental and offspring generations.
5. RNA helps in Protein synthesis.
6. But in some viruses, RNA serves as a genetic material too.
   

( c) Form of DNA:

1. In nondividing cells, DNA appears in chromatin fibers which is a long thread-like structure.
2. Whereas in Dividing cells, DNA appears in a supercoiled stage. This supercoiling of DNA forms Chromosomes.
3. Until the early stage of the Prophase of cell division, DNA appears in chromatin fibers.
4. Whereas from the late prophase to the start of telophase, DNA appears in the form of Chromosomes.